be0012  (Bio X Cell)

Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: CD25 modulation enhances broadly neutralizing antibody response of SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine

doi: 10.1038/s42003-026-09721-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: A BALB/c mice received bilateral subcutaneous injection with G1: PBS, G2: 100 μg PMO, G3: 200 μg anti-CD25 mAb, G4: vaccine (10 μg Antigen/100 μg PMO 1:10), G5: 200 μg anti-CD25 mAb and vaccine (10 μg Antigen/100 μg PMO 1:10). Blood collection was performed 2 weeks after each immunization. Mice were sacrificed three weeks after the third immunization for draining lymph node analysis. B RBD-specific IgG titers of BALB/c mice serum at 2, 5, 8 and IgG1 OD 450 at 8 weeks. ( C ) Geometric mean neutralizing antibody titers (ID50) against WT (D614G), B1.1.7, B.1.617.2, BA.1, BA.2, and BA.2.75 at 8 weeks post-immunization. Pre-immune sera were evaluated to confirm that there were no non-specific effects on viral entry. B , C Error bars in the figure indicate geometric mean. Data are represented as geometric means ± geometric SEM. D B cells gating strategy; B cells (CD3 − B220 + ), GC B cells (CD3 − B220 + IgD − GL-7 + ), Plasma (B220 − CD138 + ), Memory B cells (CD3 − B220 + IgD − GL-7 − CD138 − CD38 + ). E B cells in live cells percentages. F GC B cells in B cells representative flow cytometry and percentages. G RBD-specific GC B cells in GC B cells percentages and absolute counts per million. H Absolute Treg cells counts per million. I Tfh cells in CD4 + T percentages and absolute counts per million. J Tfr cells in CD4 + T percentages and absolute counts per million. K Tfh:Tfr representative flow cytometry and ratio. L Schematic diagram. All error bars in the figures indicate SEM. Data are represented as means ± SEM. All P values are from one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.

Article Snippet: To investigate the early-stage immune response to Anti-CD25 mAb (InVivoMAb anti-mouse CD25 IL-2Rα, Clone PC-61, BE0012, bioxcell), BALB/c mice were bilaterally injected with a total volume of 100 μL vaccine (each side 50 μL vaccine) and near the vaccine site a total volume of 100 μL of 200 μg anti-CD25mAb (each side 50 μL of 200 μg anti-CD25mAb) on day 0, draining lymph nodes were harvested at 1, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-days post-injection for flow cytometry analysis.

Techniques: Injection, Clinical Proteomics, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: CD25 modulation enhances broadly neutralizing antibody response of SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine

doi: 10.1038/s42003-026-09721-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: A BALB/c mice received bilateral subcutaneous injection with G1: 10 μg RBD antigen, G2: 10 μg RBD antigen and 200 μg anti-CD25 mAb, G3: vaccine (Antigen/zAS03 10 μg: 50 μl), G4: vaccine (Antigen/zAS03 10 μg: 50 μl) and 200 μg anti-CD25 mAb, G5: vaccine (Antigen/Alum 10 μg:100 μg), G6: vaccine (Antigen/Alum 10 μg:100 μg) and 200 μg anti-CD25 mAb. Mice were sacrificed at 14 days post-immunization for draining lymph node analysis. B GC B cells in B cells percentages and absolute counts per million. C RBD-specific GC B cells in GC B percentages and absolute counts per million. D GC B cells in B cells and RBD-specific GC B cells in GC B cells representative flow cytometry. E Tfh cells in CD4 + T percentages and absolute counts per million. F RBD-specific Tfh cells in Tfh cells percentages and absolute counts per million. All error bars in figures indicate SEM. Data are represented as means ± SEM. All P values are from one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.

Article Snippet: To investigate the early-stage immune response to Anti-CD25 mAb (InVivoMAb anti-mouse CD25 IL-2Rα, Clone PC-61, BE0012, bioxcell), BALB/c mice were bilaterally injected with a total volume of 100 μL vaccine (each side 50 μL vaccine) and near the vaccine site a total volume of 100 μL of 200 μg anti-CD25mAb (each side 50 μL of 200 μg anti-CD25mAb) on day 0, draining lymph nodes were harvested at 1, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-days post-injection for flow cytometry analysis.

Techniques: Injection, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: CD25 modulation enhances broadly neutralizing antibody response of SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine

doi: 10.1038/s42003-026-09721-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: A BALB/c mice received bilateral subcutaneous injection with 200 μg anti-CD25 mAb and vaccine (Antigen/PMO 10 μg:100 μg). Mice were sacrificed at 1, 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-days post-immunization for draining lymph node analysis. B B cells and CD4 + T in live cells percentages change over time. C The absolute counts per million of CD25 + CD4 + T cells (Treg), CD25 + B cells and CD25 + CD8 + T cells change over time. D Schematic diagram. E The absolute counts per million of Breg and non Breg IL-10 cells change over time and representative flow cytometry. F The absolute counts per million of GC B cells and RBD-specific GC B cells change over time. G The absolute counts per million of Tfh cells change over time. H Schematic diagram. All error bars in figures indicate SEM. Data are represented as means ± SEM. All P values are from repeated-measures ANOVA with Mauchly’s test assessed. Greenhouse–Geisser correction was applied when needed. Post hoc comparisons used Šidák adjustment.

Article Snippet: To investigate the early-stage immune response to Anti-CD25 mAb (InVivoMAb anti-mouse CD25 IL-2Rα, Clone PC-61, BE0012, bioxcell), BALB/c mice were bilaterally injected with a total volume of 100 μL vaccine (each side 50 μL vaccine) and near the vaccine site a total volume of 100 μL of 200 μg anti-CD25mAb (each side 50 μL of 200 μg anti-CD25mAb) on day 0, draining lymph nodes were harvested at 1, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-days post-injection for flow cytometry analysis.

Techniques: Injection, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: CD25 modulation enhances broadly neutralizing antibody response of SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine

doi: 10.1038/s42003-026-09721-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: A BALB/c mice received bilateral subcutaneous injection with 200 μg anti-CD25 mAb at different time points before and after injection with vaccine (Antigen/PMO 10 μg:100 μg). Mice were sacrificed at 14 days post-immunization for draining lymph node analysis. B Treg cells in CD4 + T percentages and absolute counts per million. C GC B cells in B cells percentages and absolute counts per million. D GC B cells in B cells percentages representative flow cytometry. E Tfh cells in CD4 + T percentages and absolute counts per million. F Tfr cells in CD4 + T percentages and absolute counts per million. G Tfh:Tfr representative flow cytometry and ratio. All error bars in the figures indicate SEM. Data are represented as means ± SEM. All P values are from one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.

Article Snippet: To investigate the early-stage immune response to Anti-CD25 mAb (InVivoMAb anti-mouse CD25 IL-2Rα, Clone PC-61, BE0012, bioxcell), BALB/c mice were bilaterally injected with a total volume of 100 μL vaccine (each side 50 μL vaccine) and near the vaccine site a total volume of 100 μL of 200 μg anti-CD25mAb (each side 50 μL of 200 μg anti-CD25mAb) on day 0, draining lymph nodes were harvested at 1, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-days post-injection for flow cytometry analysis.

Techniques: Injection, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: CD25 modulation enhances broadly neutralizing antibody response of SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine

doi: 10.1038/s42003-026-09721-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: A BALB/c mice received bilateral subcutaneous injection with G1: vaccine (Antigen/PMO 10 μg:100 μg), G2 and G3: 200 μg anti-CD25 mAb and vaccine (Antigen/PMO 10 μg:100 μg). Blood collection was performed 2 weeks after each immunization ( n = 7). Mice were sacrificed three weeks after the third immunization for draining lymph node and spleen analysis ( n = 4). B RBD-specific IgG titers of BALB/c mice serum at 2, 5, 8 ( n = 7) and 13 weeks ( n = 3). Error bars in the figure indicate geometric mean. C Geometric mean neutralizing antibody titers (ID50) against WT (D614G), B1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.617.2, BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/5, and BA.2.75 at 8 weeks post-immunization. Pre-immune sera were evaluated to confirm that there were no non-specific effects on viral entry ( n = 7). B , C Error bars in the figure indicate geometric mean. Data are represented as geometric means ± geometric SEM. D B cells in live cells percentages. E GC B cells in B cells and RBD-specific GC B cells in GC B cells representative flow cytometry, percentages, and absolute counts per million. F Plasma absolute counts per million. G Treg absolute counts per million. H Tfh and Tfr cells in CD4 + T percentages and absolute counts per million. I Schematic diagram. J The frequencies of CD69 + IFN-γ + in CD4 + T and CD8 + T cells. K Representative figures and quantification of ELISPOT. All error bars in the figures indicate SEM. Data are represented as means ± SEM. All P values are from one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.

Article Snippet: To investigate the early-stage immune response to Anti-CD25 mAb (InVivoMAb anti-mouse CD25 IL-2Rα, Clone PC-61, BE0012, bioxcell), BALB/c mice were bilaterally injected with a total volume of 100 μL vaccine (each side 50 μL vaccine) and near the vaccine site a total volume of 100 μL of 200 μg anti-CD25mAb (each side 50 μL of 200 μg anti-CD25mAb) on day 0, draining lymph nodes were harvested at 1, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-days post-injection for flow cytometry analysis.

Techniques: Injection, Flow Cytometry, Clinical Proteomics, Enzyme-linked Immunospot

Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: CD25 modulation enhances broadly neutralizing antibody response of SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine

doi: 10.1038/s42003-026-09721-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: A BALB/c mice received bilateral subcutaneous injection with G1: vaccine (Antigen/PMO 10 μg:100 μg), G2 and G3: 200 μg anti-CD25 mAb and vaccine (Antigen/PMO 10 μg:100 μg). Blood collection was performed 2 weeks after each immunization ( n = 7). Mice were sacrificed three weeks after the third immunization for draining lymph node and spleen analysis ( n = 4). B RBD-specific IgG titers of BALB/c mice serum at 2, 5, 8 ( n = 7) and 13 weeks ( n = 3). C Geometric mean neutralizing antibody titers (ID50) against WT (D614G), B1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.617.2, BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/5, and BA.2.75 at 8 weeks post-immunization. Pre-immune sera were evaluated to confirm that there were no non-specific effects on viral entry ( n = 7). B , C Error bars in the figure indicate geometric mean. Data are represented as geometric means ± geometric SEM. D VOC strains ID50 value/WT (D614G) strain ID50 value ratio for each individual mouse. E Serum neutralizing breadth against multiple viruses (Breadth reflect % strains neutralized per mouse at serum). F B cells in live cells percentages. G GC B cells in B cells and RBD-specific GC B cells in GC B cells representative flow cytometry, percentages, and absolute counts per million. H Plasma absolute counts per million. I Treg absolute counts per million. J Tfh and Tfr cells in CD4 + T percentages and absolute counts per million. All error bars in figures indicate SEM. Data are represented as means ± SEM. All P values are from one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.

Article Snippet: To investigate the early-stage immune response to Anti-CD25 mAb (InVivoMAb anti-mouse CD25 IL-2Rα, Clone PC-61, BE0012, bioxcell), BALB/c mice were bilaterally injected with a total volume of 100 μL vaccine (each side 50 μL vaccine) and near the vaccine site a total volume of 100 μL of 200 μg anti-CD25mAb (each side 50 μL of 200 μg anti-CD25mAb) on day 0, draining lymph nodes were harvested at 1, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-days post-injection for flow cytometry analysis.

Techniques: Injection, Flow Cytometry, Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: CD25 modulation enhances broadly neutralizing antibody response of SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine

doi: 10.1038/s42003-026-09721-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Anti-CD25 induces rapid depletion of suppressive Tregs and Bregs, dismantling immunosuppressive checkpoints that constrain T cell priming and B cell activation. This establishes an immunostimulatory niche within hours to days of vaccination. By depleting these regulatory cells, anti-CD25 kinetically reshapes GC dynamics, it accelerates GC initiation, sustains quantitative amplification of total GC B cells through nonspecific expansion, and elevates the Tfh:Tfr ratio to license enhanced T-B collaboration. Crucially, while antigen-specific frequency within GC B cells remains unchanged, absolute numbers of antigen-specific effectors rise proportionally to total GC expansion. Functionally, this strategy broadens neutralizing antibody responses against both conserved and mutated epitopes, delivers timing-dependent enhancement of cellular immunity, and operates in an adjuvant-agnostic manner. Collectively, anti-CD25 leverages regulatory cell depletion to license early, sustained GC reactions—quantitatively amplifying antigen-specific immunity without altering clonal selection stringency.

Article Snippet: To investigate the early-stage immune response to Anti-CD25 mAb (InVivoMAb anti-mouse CD25 IL-2Rα, Clone PC-61, BE0012, bioxcell), BALB/c mice were bilaterally injected with a total volume of 100 μL vaccine (each side 50 μL vaccine) and near the vaccine site a total volume of 100 μL of 200 μg anti-CD25mAb (each side 50 μL of 200 μg anti-CD25mAb) on day 0, draining lymph nodes were harvested at 1, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-days post-injection for flow cytometry analysis.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Amplification, Adjuvant, Selection